WordPress: Adjust the code

Good afternoon.

There is a theme bought on Envato, for my personal blog (years two ago). Theme name: Gorge. Compatible with the new version of WordPress.
After the update, the theme and WordPress flew together the code settings I had previously written.

You need to make changes to the code, but do it so that nothing is lost on the next update.

Changes:

1. In the pages of the recordings, the covers are pulled from tiny previews (600 x394) and stretched to a large size. You need to prescribe that the covers inside the record itself were large (1000 x600).
And it was written earlier, it is realistic to do.

2. On the front page there is a non-standard authors cover, the highlight of the theme. The author writes that html tags can be used for labels. However, they do not work for me. I want to repeat the effect that the author of the theme uses in the demo.
There are small requests: to write the text in two lines (rather than one), one word to make red, to understand why the animation stopped working.
From the outside, it looks like something is cutting down the "extra" code. Tried to disable plug-ins, did not help.

Extras: make a red one word from the headline on the entries page.

3. You want to automatically post a record:

- "The quotes" were replaced by the "trees"

- The hyphen was replaced by a long dash,

4. In the block with comments to translate English phrases into Russian:

- Leave a Reply → Lets talk, friends!
- Your comment → I believe that...

5. In the futer to make the mail block aligned on the right edge, paint the text in the same color.